Outline Method Statement

Outline Method Statement For the Inspection Street Demolitions At North Vietnam

Preface

This outline Method Statement and all detailed Method Statements produced will
be in accordance with BS6187 Code of Practice for Demolition, furthermore
consideration will be given to the Best Practice Guidance The control of dust and
emissions from construction and demolition, published by the Greater London Authority, throughout the works.

Scope of Works:
This document covers the demolition of the following buildings:
St Martins House, 42 Princess Street, former Mission Hall, Freemasons Hall,
4, 4b, 6 and 13 Hunter Street.

Separate demolition method statements will be prepared and submitted for
approval for other structures such as Commerce House.

This document deals with the following matters:
• M&E Services and Structural surveys
• Provision of safety scaffolding/fans and hoardings
• Possible temporary propping of basements/cantilever structures
• Soft strip structures of internal fixtures and fittings
• Demolition of structures
• Transporting and crushing on/off site of suitable materials
• Removal of deleterious arisings from site

It is anticipated that the demolition works are intended to be complete before the
prior excavations for archaeology within the site are undertaken. Once the
demolition works are completed and the site is clear, the routes for public access
and visibility of the archaeological works will be reviewed with the client with the
intention of possible re-routing and provision of vision panels through the
hoardings/barriers.

Programme
Commencement TBC
Completion TBC
Site personnel
Contracts manager – I Moffat
Safety advisor – R McDonagh
Full Time Site Manager – Dave Hilton
Site Supervisor Thomas Furlong
Demolition operatives – TBA (>20)
Plant operators – TBA (> 8)
Working Hours

KDC standard working hours are 07.30 – 17.30 Monday – Friday. Weekend working is
only arranged as required and by agreement with both the client and Local Authority.
We understand the restrictions on site working hours are as detailed below, and therefore
conclude that our standard hours of work fall within the prescribed timings;

Weekdays – 7.00 – 19.00
Saturdays – 9.00 – 12.00
Sundays and Bank Holidays – No Work

Legislation and codes of practice All work will be carried out in accordance with current legislation, which is applicable to their respective industry, with particular regard to the following.

The Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974
The Construction (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1996
The Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations 2006
The Asbestos (Licensing) Regulations 1998
Working with Asbestos Insulation etc (2nd Edition) 1987 Regulations
The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 1998
Control of Pollution Act (Amendments) 1989
The (Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment) Regulations 1998 (LOLER 98) Factories Act 1961
Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002
The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 1994
The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Personal Protective Equipment at work Regulations 1992
The Construction (Head Protection) Regulations 1989
The Health & Safety (Safety Signs & Signals) Regulations 1996
The Noise at Works Regulations 1989
The Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981
The Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992
The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases & Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
(RIDDOR)
The Provision & use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

References
BPG The control of dust and emissions from construction and
demolition (GLA and London Councils)
BS6187 Code of Practice for Demolition
BS5240 Industrial Safety Helmets
BS2092 Industrial Eye Protectors
BS679 Filters for use during welding and similar industrial operations
BS1397 Industrial Safety Belts and Harnesses
BS5228 CP for noise control on construction and open sites
BS5973 Access and working scaffolds and special scaffold structures in steel

PreCommencement Works

Due to the complex nature of the project, K D C believe it imperative to allow a minimum of 5 weeks pre-commencement period for survey, design and approval of all works prior to commencement of demolition works.

Within this period we would envisage carrying out the following works;
• Correlation of existing drainage with service plans and planning for removal, capping and protection of drainage.
• Survey of existing statutory services, meetings with client representative and statutory providers.
• Trial pits to facilitate above works as necessary.(see note below)
• Structural surveys of buildings to be demolished
• Design of temporary works to facilitate demolitions.
• Dilapidation survey of surrounding buildings/roads.
• Development of traffic management plan.
• Development of construction methodology in line with Best Practice Guidance referenced above.

NOTE: All excavation works, including trial pits, will only be carried out after prior notification and approval of the City Archaeologist. All investigative works would be carried out by both K D C in house staff, supplemented by specialist subcontract staff as necessary. K D C carry PI
insurance for structural and electrical design works.

Health Safety & Welfare facilities
Temporary welfare facilities are to be established for K D C Contractors Ltd Site Staff & peratives in a location suitably agreed between K D C, the client’s representative and Chester City Council. A suitable first aid box will be made available and a qualified first aid representative will be supplied by K D C Contractors Ltd. All plant operatives will be CITB/CPCS/CTA registered and will have copies of their certificate with them for inspection.
All personnel will be issued with the necessary PPE and will be expected to wear it at all times on site. Special PPE will be issued as necessary in the hazardous locations following site induction and or issue of a permit to work.

During site induction all personnel will be made aware of the client’s Site Rules, Accident Reporting and Site Emergency procedures. These will be adhered to at all times. K D C Contractors Ltd operatives are familiar with the policies and procedures in place on projects of this size, with knowledge gained from previous joint working ventures.
K D C Contractors Ltd reserve the right to alter/amend, in consultation with the Client/Planning Supervisor/Appropriate Statutory Authority/Principal Contractor, the Method of Working as a result of on going operations.

Public & Employee Protection

Services
Services are known to exist in the adjacent footpaths/roads and enter the site. All services to the buildings to be demolished are to be disconnected at or beyond the site boundary prior to works commencing. K D C propose to spend a precommencement period working with the client and all statutory undertakers to ensure all services are identified and isolated or their positions arked/recorded as required A CAT scan of the site is to be carried out prior to works commencing as a matter of course to identify the possibility of ‘rogue’ services.
Services within the curtilage of the site which are to remain live will be assessed and protected as necessary. Carefully controlled hand excavated trial pits will be carried out as necessary to prove and verify exact location and nature of recorded services.

NOTE: All excavation works, including trial pits, will only be carried out after prior
notification and approval of the City Archaeologist.

Site perimeter

Warning notices and restricted area notices will be positioned at vantage points.
The permanent working area is to be protected and scaffolded in accordance with
the client’s requirements prior to main demolition works commencing. Solid
barriers will be in place to all site boundaries through the provision of either timber
hoarding, solid ‘heras’ type fencing or utilisation of existing boundary walls. The
inner perimeter of the working area is to receive a further block and mesh hoarding
as necessary to demark active demolition zones or protected services.
Elevations which front public rights of way will have sentries in attendance when
needed. During plant demolition the management of pedestrians and traffic will be
implemented by K D C jointly with the client/County Council/Local Highways
Authority.
Access and egress to the workface will be via designated routes. These will be
agreed and implemented by our site supervisor. The site lies within an existing city
centre commercial/shopping complex with a road system in place. The existing
road system is to be followed in accordance with the traffic management scheme to
be adopted. All plant will be delivered to site by road going low loader, with no
plant movements carried out on existing roadway to ensure that the road surface
and also existing below ground sewers/drainage is not damaged through
displacement.
Workforce protection
Areas of risk directly beneath the demolition area will be cordoned off and clearly
segregated from third parties. Barriers are to be erected complete with warning
signs.
All temporary barriers and signs etc. will be constantly checked and maintained
before and during each working day by the Site Supervisors.
All areas of safety will be constantly evaluated with attention to detail being given
the utmost concern at all times.
Any secondary lighting required within the site will be the responsibility of, and
provided by, K D C Contractors Ltd in a safe and secure manner. The positioning of
any lights will be in liaison with the client. The position of any lighting will be such
that there is no risk imported to the adjacent operational properties.
Personal protective equipment
All site personnel will be issued with standard personal protective equipment.
Each operative will have general protection issued by the Site Supervisor
dependent upon the work in hand. Safety wear will comprise of the following:
Hard hats, ear and eye defenders, nasal protection against high volume of dust,
dermal protection to exposed vulnerable areas and footwear against risk of
penetration and impact. high visibility vests/jackets.
Hazardous materials
Identification and removal of asbestos containing materials (ACM’s) will be carried
out prior to our commencement on site. However, given the age of the structures it
is envisaged that some ACM’s will remain undetected until the soft strip and main
demolition works are progressed. Site Managers, Supervisors and Operatives will
be briefed in this regard and a process is to be established between K D C, the
client and his asbestos surveyor to minimise the potential hazard of any asbestos
discovered during the works and also the potential delay to the contract.
Other hazards have been identified in terms of lead paint, oil containing excessive
levels of PCB’s and also refrigerant from Air Conditioning systems.
Samples of paint will be taken as required in order to assess any lead content if
needed. In the event this registers positive, respirators with the appropriate filters
will be issued.
Oils will be sampled at the earliest opportunity and drained and disposed of
through a licensed undertaker.
Air conditioning units and associated pipework will be de-gassed by a specialist
contractor at the earliest opportunity.
Accident procedure
In the event of any accident occurring, a standard procedure will be adopted. For
all injuries a detailed record will be maintained on site. Minor injuries will be
treated in situ, if possible, by utilising a standard first aid kit available on site.
More serious injuries will be treated by a suitably qualified off site party. In either
event all parties requiring notification will receive it
Depending upon the level of injury and the circumstances which they occurred, all
accidents will be thoroughly investigated by the Site Manager and Safety Officer.
He will assess the degree of competence adopted, as to whether the incident is
likely to re-occur if the methods adopted are continued to be used. Any such
changes to the methods of working will be immediately reported to the Supervisory
Officer, complete with a revised method statement and associated risk assessment.
As each new area of work is approached, the Site Supervisor will hold regular
induction meetings with key personnel and, in particular, machine operators in
respect of the works to be executed, in which areas, and most importantly the
factor of risk likely to be encountered during each specific operation.
All areas of work will be supervised at all times. It will be the responsibility of each
Supervisor to constantly assess the ability of each operative both before an during
with regard to the individual's capabilities in respect of the work he has been
assigned to do in both experience, competence and most importantly, his ability to
complete the work in a safe manner without incurring risks to himself or third
parties. Supervisory charge-hands will be in possession of a set of documents
relating to method of work.
Dust & noise reduction strategy
Noise levels will be monitored during the course of the works. It is accepted that
noise cannot be eliminated entirely, but reasonable steps will be taken to reduce
any adverse effects of noise generated by the works. Previous works of this nature
have been carried out and have had noise assessments produced. A table summary
of these results is shown below for reference. The nature of the works and type of
structures will allow controlled sectional removal of structural elements using
remotely operated plant. The nature and capability of the plant proposed to be used
is such that all operations will be carried out with the minimum of noise and
emissions generated on the site. All KDC Plant and Machinery have engines
compliant with emission regulations EU Stage 3. In addition all exhaust gases are
mixed with intake air to reduce particle matter (PM) and Nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
The location of all plant and machinery, specifically crushing plant, will be
positioned as far as is reasonably practicable from sensitive receptors, specifically
members of the public and adjacent residential properties. As a matter of course
all plant and machinery will have the engines turned off when idling, also
confirmation is being sought as to the supply of tax-exempt ‘red’ diesel with a
sulphur content equivalent to that of ultra low sulphur diesel.
Anticipated noise levels -
Activity Noise produced at
Source
Noise produced at site
boundary
Demolition
Breaking
slabs
Crushing
93db(A)
103db(A)
89db(A)
80db(A)
85db(A)
75db(A)
As previously stated the site lies within an existing city centre
commercial/shopping complex and the creation of dust has been identified as a
potential cause for concern. This has been taken into consideration and we are to
adopt a dust suppressive method of demolition. The main objectives are to both
minimize the production of dust by controlled demolition methods and suppress
any dust that is generated at source. Given the requirement to ‘damp down’ dust
generated both at the workface and during crushing operations, consideration will
be given to discharge of slurry into the adjacent live sewers. All such gully outlets
will be bunded with sand bags and also have a filter system installed in the form of
‘terram’ membrane to ensure slurry run off does not enter the drainage system.
All these points have been considered and countermeasures are to be implemented
as highlighted in the methodology section of the method statement below.
Existing construction
St Martins House – Concrete framed structure
42 Princess St/former Mission Hall/Freemasons Hall/4, 6 and 13 Hunter
Street – Traditional load bearing masonry construction
4b Hunter Street – Steel Frame
Demolition overview
Concrete framed structures – St Martins House
Following soft stripping and recovery works the safest demolition method for a
structure of this size and construction is remote demolition using specialist
demolition excavators with attachments such as pulverisors, rotational grapples
and buckets to demolish the structure handle and process arisings for removal off
site. This method minimizes the amount of work undertaken (externally) by
demolition operatives.
These works will be accessed from a full height, sheeted scaffold. The process will
be hand demolition of the infill panels, reduction of structural beams followed by
progressive lowering of the scaffold. This method ensures that protection from
dust/debris is maximised whilst the structure is lowered. However given the wider
access on the St Martins Way elevation it is proposed that this structure will be
reduced by remote demolition techniques entirely with the perimeter hoarding
erected at a distance to protect the public from the danger of any falling debris.
Traditional load bearing masonry structures
• 42 Princess Street, former Mission Hall
• Freemasons Hall
• 4, 6 and 13 Hunter Street
In order to segregate materials for disposal/recycling and to preserve items of
architectural interest (see below) these structures must be mostly demolished and
segregated by hand. To facilitate these works the buildings will be enveloped in full
height scaffolds with protective sheeting to prevent migration of dust/debris on
perimeter elevations of the site. All waste materials will be disposed of through
enclosed rubbish chutes to covered skips or telescopic forklifts to container skips.
No on site burning of rubbish will be permitted. Once the building is reduced to
such a level that the scaffold can be struck and all timber elements are removed
the remaining works including slab, foundations and basements will be processed
using hydraulic excavators.
Salvage and storage of retained artefacts
All items of architectural salvage to be retained are to be carefully removed to
timber pallets at the workface. Items are to be stacked to prevent movement, have
timber packings placed between and then be banded or encased with industrial
‘cling film’ to the pallet. Pallets are to be removed from the scaffold/workface by
telescopic forklift trucks and removed to a lockable steel storage container, the
location of which is to be agreed with the client. The packages will then be handed
over to the client along with record drawings or photographs for re-use within the
development.
Demolition of structures
Activity with risk/hazardous potential
Heavy plant movement/operations – risk assessment attached
Refuelling of plant – risk assessment attached
Working at height – risk assessment attached
Dust – risk assessment attached
Noise – risk assessment attached
Slips, trips & falls – risk assessment attached
Manual Handling – risk assessment attached
Leptospirosis – risk assessment attached
Hand breaking – risk assessment attached
Mud on road – risk assessment attached
Drug users / vagrants – risk assessment attached
Psittacosis – risk assessment attached
Uncontrolled collapse – risk assessment attached
Access / egress – risk assessment attached
Glass – risk assessment attached
Man made mineral fibres – risk assessment attached
Services – risk assessment attached
Weather (height) – risk assessment attached
Resources
Plant Labour
High reach & standard reach 360
degree hydraulic excavators fitted
with demolition attachments
Crushing plant
Loading shovel
Container skips
Scaffold protection
Mobile access platforms/tower
Scaffold/Backpropping
Lorries
Site Manager
Site Supervisors
Demolition operatives
Plant operators
Lorry drivers
Scaffold erectors (sub contractor)
Personnel Protection Equipment to be used
Safety
Helmet
Hi-Vis
Clothing
Ear
Protection
Gloves Respirators
Safety
Boots
Coveralls Eye
Protection
Dust
Masks
Safety
Harness

Methodology
General
Careful programming of all elements i.e. soft stripping and demolition is to be
adopted with areas being handed over as they are cleared for the next operation.
Sectional completion of elements/areas will enable the works to progress in the
manner as described below;
Site establishment
Upon arrival operatives are to firstly attend the site induction course offered by the
client. A further induction and toolbox talk is to be given by the Site Manager/Site
Supervisor identifying specific items relevant to the upcoming works programme.
After completion operatives are then to put on suitable PPE and transfer all
necessary equipment to the working area. All power tools to be used are to be
either 110V or cordless. A generator is to be used for 110V power. Permits to work
will be requested/issued prior to any works commencing.
Traffic Management
K D C’s suggested approach for sites of this nature is to establish as early as
possible a one-way system of moving skip vehicles/lorries through the site. All
waste lorries will have their loads sheeted prior to leaving site.
Within this site, whilst this requirement is imperative, it is difficult at this stage to
understand the full view of Chester City Council and the Client in respect of their
proposed strategy for traffic movements in the vicinity of the site.
Perimeter protection
The site perimeter is to be protected with a mix of timber hoardings and existing
brick walls where practical (specifically around the Masonic Hall). In order to
facilitate the hoarding works a temporary block and mesh panel fence is to be
erected to protect the public from the hoarding works. Solid panels on temporary
blocks will also be used in sensitive areas whilst hoarding erection is taking place
and may also form the perimeter barrier where site conditions/logistics will be
changing directly following demolition works or short duration works are being
carried out. All solid panel fencing will be erected complete with raking braces to
the internal elevation to prevent any collapse due to wind pressure.
Soft strip of internal fixtures and fittings
Prior to soft stripping works commencing the operatives are to remove the agreed
windows at each floor to enable loading points to the designated drop/loading
zones. The designated drop/loading zones are to be established and fully cordoned
off using fencing displaying warning notices at vantage points. The location of the
drop/loading zones are to be in the recesses to the rear of the structure and central
to the working area as indicated on the drawing attached. The structure is then to
be soft stripped of all its fixtures and fittings by the demolition operatives using
traditional methods utilising hand held tools including, but not restricted to, pinch
bars, hammers, mattock picks, shovels and wheel barrows. Materials are to be kept
in their separate categories where possible for recycling purposes.
Skirting boards & door frames
Skirting boards and door frames are to be removed by operatives using pinch bars
and suitable hammers. The items are to be prized from their place of fixing. Any
obtrusions and nails are to be removed with all resultant materials then being
transported utilising the wheelbarrows and carrying by hand to the designated
drop/loading zones.
Suspended ceilings
The suspended ceilings are to be removed by operatives working from mobile
access platform scaffolds suitably positioned. As the ceiling tiles are removed, by
pushing the tile up and out of the frame and twisting it sideways to enable removal,
whole and intact they are to be lowered to ground in a controlled manner by
passing them down to the ground operative. At ground level they are to be
periodically collected and bundled into man handlable sized parcels using adhesive
tape. As the works progress the suspension system is to be removed by the
operatives working from the mobile access platform scaffold. Working from the
platform the fixings are to be cut as flush to the ceiling as possible using hand held
cold cutting tools (nips and/or croppers). Once again the removed items are to be
lowered to ground in a controlled manner where they are to be transported utilising
the wheelbarrows and carrying by hand to the designated drop/loading zones.
Floor coverings
The carpet coverings are to be removed by the operatives using the mattock picks
and shovels. Where the carpets are of a roll able nature these are to be cut into
strips, whilst still laid, and then rolled up for collection. Carpet tiles are simply to
be lifted. Both the carpet tiles and rolls are to be bundled and taped as previously
stated. All resultant materials are to be transported utilising the wheelbarrows and
carrying by hand to the designated drop/loading zones.
Non load bearing stud partition walls
The traditional timber stud partitioning is to be removed by the operatives using
suitable hand held tools, namely pinch bars, picks and hammers. The wall
structure is to be de-erected by removing the coverings using the hammers and
bars. Once exposed the remaining timber stud work is to be prized free and denailed.
Once again the resultant materials are to be removed to the designated
drop/loading zones.
The rack style stud partitioning is to be removed by the operatives removing the
facing boards whole and intact. The boards are to be lifted from their fixing
rail/brackets and removed in the manner previously stated. Once exposed the
remaining timber stud work is to be prized free, de-nailed and transported to the
drop/loading zones.
Soft strip material removal
At the drop/loading zones the materials are to be loaded directly through the
previously removed window openings. The materials will then effectively be loaded
directly into the awaiting container skips (directly where possible). A 360 degree
excavator may offer assistance at ground level in ensuring full and secure loads.
The works are to progress in this nature floor by floor until complete. As the skips
are filled phone/radio contact is to be maintained between the ground operative
and the floor foreman. Works will cease whilst skips are swapped and/or re
arranged to enable continuous filling. Works will commence again once the
necessary movements have been completed. Movements on and off site are to be
fully supervised by the ground operative at all times. Site pedestrians are to be
segregated by the fencing to be erected to the agreed route. Damping down
measures in the form of a hand held water spray system may be adopted should
the need arise. All runoff water from the suppression operations is to be channelled
to the nearest low point of the building footprint (eg basements). The basements are
to act as soakaways for the runoff water. The constant monitoring of dust will be
carried out and all necessary suppression will be implemented as determined by
the site supervisor. All materials are to be removed to licensed disposal points via
sheeted lorries with full documentation being supplied upon completion of the
works.
Demolition of structure - Concrete framed structures
Once free of fixtures and fittings the structures are to be demolished by the 360
degree excavator fitted with suitable demolition attachments. Assistance is to be
offered by the attending 360 degree excavators fitted with suitable attachments. All
demolition, processing and concrete/masonry cutting works are to be damped
down to act as a dust suppressant during the works. Working from one end to the
other in a systematic bay by bay and section by section manner the pulverisor will
effectively ‘munch’ the roof sections into smaller sections. The resultant ‘munched’
concrete will be allowed to fall onto the lower floor cordoned off working area. As
the works progress the resultant associated walls and columns are to be removed,
once the relevant section of the roof has been removed, and they have had their
structural support properties removed. The walls are to be pushed inwards onto
the floor by the 360 degree excavator. The process is to be repeated in this manner
systematically working from one end to the other. The sequence is to be roof,
internal walls, side walls and finally rear walls. These are to be simply pulled
inwards onto the floor as the works progress. The roof/top floor is to be removed to
a suitable point which offers safe access for the 360 degree excavator. Once this
point has been reached the top floor removal will stop. The next floor will then be
removed in the same manner to the same point followed by the remaining floors.
This systematic bay by bay sectional demolition will ensure total structural
integrity whilst the works are being carried out. As the works progress and the
structure is reduced there will be assistance at ground level offered by another 360
degree excavator fitted with a suitable attachment. The reduction works will be
carried out in the manner described above to a point where the standard 360
degree excavators can continue the works in the same manner. At ground level the
resultant elements are to be processed by the assisting 360 degree excavator into
the separate waste categories for removal (general waste/timber) and processing.
Materials are to be loaded directly into awaiting container skips and are to be
removed at periodic intervals to promote a clean, tidy and safe working
environment. Separation of all crushable materials will be an ongoing process with
stockpiles created at suitable points awaiting the commencement of the crushing
works.
Demolition of structures – Traditional Construction
• 42 Princess Street, former Mission Hall
• Freemasons Hall
• 4, 6 and 13 Hunter Street
Once free of fixtures and fittings internally, works will commence with the erection
of full height scaffolding which will serve as access and protection of public/third
parties outside the site perimeter hoarding. All elevations of scaffolding directly
adjacent the site perimeter will be fully sheeted to prevent dust migration off site.
Works will commence with removal of roof tiles/slates. Operatives will work from
the scaffolding at eaves level and access the pitch of the roof from roofing ladders
hooked over the eaves of the roof and secured to the scaffold/eaves where possible.
Roofing felt, battens and timber spars will then be removed working from the
perimeter scaffold.
External brick walls will be lowered to first/second floor levels, prior to removal of
floor boarding; this will ensure operatives are not working below unsecured brick
walls.
The most difficult section of works is the removal of the floor boarding and floor
joists as this activity creates leading edges and a greater risk of falls from height.
This work will be completed as follows: -
- Operatives working from top floor down, room by room will remove
the floor boards using stripping forks, working back to the door. The
boards will be de nailed as they are lifted and transported by
wheeled bogey to the disposal point.
- Staging boards will then be established upon the timber joists. The
operatives will then work off the stagings to knock through the
metal lath and plaster ceiling down to the floor below. As before the
works will be completed progressively working back to the door
away from the leading edge.
- The door to the room will then be closed, nailed shut and a sign
attached confirming that there is risk of fall – do not open.
- This procedure will be repeated to all doors on the floor with the last
door onto the landing sealed up and a sign attached to confirm the
hazard. This floor will now be classed as an exclusion zone (The
retained doors will be removed from the arisings following the
mechanical demolition).
- The operatives will then proceed to the lower floor to clear the
plaster and metal lath from the floor with the material transported
to the drop zone by wheel barrow.
- Prior to removing the intermediate floor joists the sections of
brickwork above will be demolished internally down through the
open joists, this operation will again be undertaken by operatives
working from the perimeter scaffolding.
- Once brickwork is removed to floor joist level operatives will work
from mini scaffold towers with a platform height of approx 1.2 –
1.5m and will knock out the timber noggins and remove the joists
with the joists dropped onto the floor below. Where they will be
transported by a wheeled bogey to the disposal point.
The arisings from the demolition will be cleared using an excavator with grab
attachment to pull out the material and load it into awaiting 40 cubic yard
skips.
The soft strip material will be segregated as follows: -
- General waste Carpets, curtains, suspended ceilings, etc.
- Timber Skirtings, architraves, doors, etc.
- Scrap metal Radiators, pipes, etc.
The general waste will be disposed of to landfill; timber and scrap will be recycled.
Substructures/Crushing
The ground floor areas and basements are to be broken out using 360 degree
excavators fitted with hydraulic breakers, ripping hooks or buckets. Once the slabs
have been pulled up and stockpiled by the excavator the materials are then to be
reduced in size, if necessary, using 360 degree excavator(s) fitted with concrete
pulverising attachments.
During removal of substructures or any excavation works KDC will liaise with the
client’s representatives with regards to archaeological interest in these areas. As
required works will be monitored during the excavation and remediation of the
substructures.
If concrete/hardcore materials are removed from site they will be loaded at the
work face into 8 wheel tipper lorries for removal off site, with the same vehicles
returning to site carrying the crush material. It would be our preference to crush
all arising for re-use on site in the manner described below, this will minimise
vehicular movements within the site.
The materials, including the suitable materials from the floors, once deposited at
the crushing area are then to be loaded directly into the crushing plant hopper
aperture by the 360 degree excavator, suitably positioned on top of the heap. The
crushing plant is then to process the material to the size as required. Suitable
stocking plant, tyred loading shovel, is to be employed at the output end of the
crusher to keep the site free from build up. The processed material is to be stocked
in the designated stocking area. All crushing operations will be carried out in strict
accordance with our crusher license which includes provision for damping down of
all crushing operations and stockpiles.
Should the crusher belts need to be cleared of obstructing wire reinforcing the
following process is to be adopted. Firstly the crusher is to be stopped, turned off
and isolated. Operatives are then to remove all obstructions by hand working from
suitable access points. The resultant obstructions are to be deposited with
segregated materials of a similar nature for removal at a later date. As the works
are being carried out there is to be an operative posted to guard the stop/start
buttons for the plant. The crusher will only be started again when all operations
are complete and operatives are clear and at a safe working distance from it.
This method statement is to be read in conjunction with the associated risk
assessments attached.
C.O.S.H.H
The following products will be brought to site for use by the Company.
Gas Oil Fuel
Lubrication Grease
Hydraulic Oil
Engine Oil
All products will be delivered to site via our road going fuel bowser operated by a
fully trained driver equipped with all required PPE equipment.
Fuel will be pumped directly into plant fuel tanks from the bowser. Oils will be
dispensed from containers into measuring jugs then directly into plant.
Supplier Data Sheets for all such materials will be held on site.


Prepared by: ANGGIAT THAMRIN SIMANJUNTAK

Engineer Estimating Guidelines

Engineer Estimating Guidelines for Roadway Construction Projects
For use in the
East Jakarta Residential & Ressort Project

Prepared by Anggiat Thamrin Simanjuntak



Engineers Estimate Guidelines 1

GENERAL

The Project Estimate of Cost serves two purposes:
· It estimates the fair and reasonable price the County should expect to pay for each of the items of
work to be performed, based on expected prices as of the date the estimate is made. The
preliminary estimate should be the best guide in determining whether or not the bids were valid and
competitive.
· It provides the ability to review if current funding is sufficient.
To estimate the price of individual items, use recent bid prices for similar projects considered to have had competitive bidding. Bid price information can be obtained from the Contracts and Utilities Group. The Contracts and Utilities Group maintains bid summaries and a historical bid item cost database. In addition, Caltrans publishes annual cost data books. These documents are produced by the Office of Office Engineer in the Engineering Service Center (ESC-OE) and is posted on Caltrans web site.

Consider factors which might affect bid prices, such as: quantity, project location and accessibility, project terrain, effect of existing traffic on the contractor's operations, source and availability of materials and water, time limits which might require more than ordinary overtime work or double shifting, and season of the year in which the work is to be done.
The amount of funds allocated for the project should not influence the estimated prices. Reducing prices to keep the estimate of cost within the program amount will not reduce bid prices at the time bids are opened.

Bid overruns can cause serious problems such as delay of award, or rejection of bids and project
readvertisement. Bear in mind that many funds are for project improvement (Capital Outlay) only. For these fund sources, do not set up funds for items to become County facilities if those items are to be used for other purposes.
(Example: It may be illegal to have funds for Changeable Message Signs for traffic control and then require the contractor to turn such signs over to maintenance forces.)

Basic Engineering Estimate
Include all elements of the project such as railroad work, temporary or detour structures (and their removal), removal of existing structures, supplemental work and mobilization.
The Project Estimate of Cost has these components:
· Contract Items.
· Supplemental Work.
· County-furnished Materials and Expenses.
· Contingencies.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 2

CONTRACT ITEMS
GENERAL

Contract items are the bid items of work used in the Engineer's Estimate, the Bid Schedule and Contract Book. List the items of work in numerical sequence by Item Code number. The item description should be exactly as shown in the Coded Item List published by the Contracts and Utilities Group. A electronic copy of the coded item list may be obtained on the County Intranet at www.co.riverside.ca.us/depts/transp/engineering/estimate.htm or a hard copy may be obtained from the County Specifications Engineer.

Non-standard items
When work does not fit an established item, the County Specifications Engineer must create a new one. The item description should be understandable but as brief as possible. Use the same style and format as that used for standard items. Do not use abbreviations. All County created items shall begin with the first two digits equal to “01”. The Second two digits shall represent the section of the Caltrans specification that the bid item is related to. These second two digits represent the first two digits that are provided on item codes that are created by Caltrans. The last two digits will be provided sequentially.

The abbreviations used for Unit of Measure should be those listed below in Table A.
Table A
Units of Measure with Standard Abbreviations
English Metric
UNIT ABBR. UNIT ABBR.
Acre ACRE Calendar Day CDAY
Calendar Day CDAY Each EA
Cubic Foot CF Hectare HA
Cubic Yard CY Hour H
Each EA Kilogram KG
Gallon GAL Kilometer KM
Hour HR Lane Kilometer LNKM
Lane Mile LNMI Liter L
Linear Foot LF Lump Sum LS
Lump Sum LS Meter M
Mile MI Square Meter M2
Pound LB Cubic Meter M3
Square Foot SQFT Station (100 m) STA
Square Yard SQYD Tablet TAB
Station (100 ft) STA Tonne (1000 kg) TONN
Tablet TAB Track Foot TF
Thousand Foot Board Measure MFBM Working Day WDAY
Ton TON
Track Foot TF
Working Day WDAY


Engineers Estimate Guidelines 3

If abbreviations are needed for non-standard units of measure, the Specifications Engineer must add them to the approved list before incorporating a final estimate into the contract file.

MOBILIZATION
Mobilization reimburses the contractor for costs incurred before and during "move in". Use a mobilization item when the number of working days for the project is 120 or more (excluding plant establishment working days) and the estimated cost is $300,000 or more. A mobilization item may be included for projects consisting principally of bridge work even if the project's number of working days and estimated cost are less than the criteria above.
The item of mobilization will be 10 percent of the sum of all contract item costs, not including the item of mobilization.

SPECIALTY ITEMS
Some items of work require equipment and expertise not normally possessed by most general contractors. Therefore, the awarded contractor may have to subcontract these items. It is Caltrans' policy (and subsequently County policy) to subtract the cost of this specialized work from the total non-specialty contract amount, and only require the awarded contractor to perform a minimum of 50 percent of the remaining contract work. The Standard Specifications (Section 8-1.01) requires the prime contractor to perform at least 50 percent of the dollar amount of the contracted work, excluding specialty items. This requirement is to ensure that the contractor does the majority of work and is not just a work broker.

Specialty items of work are designated on the Engineer's Estimate with an "S".
These guidelines apply to Specialty Items:
· When a project contains work that is different from the basic type of work and that work would
normally be done by a specialty contractor, designate the item or items covering such work as
specialty items.
· If the prime contractor’s forces can be expected to perform the work, do not designate the work as a specialty item.
· The following rules apply when designating specialty items:
¨ If the Engineer's Estimate is less than $500,000, each specialty item must have a value of $2,000 or more.
¨ If the Engineer's Estimate is greater than $500,000, each specialty item must have a value of
$5,000 or more.
¨ Group items (for example, striping, pavement markings, and pavement markers) to meet the
value criterion.
· Keep specialty items to a minimum to ensure that the awarded contractor does the majority of the work. If the prime contractor is expected to be other than a general contractor, designate as
specialty items work which would not be done by the awarded contractor.
· If it is anticipated that the prime contractor will be a general contractor, limit specialty items to those listed in Table B.
· When a highway project involves the construction, alteration or modification of an off-highway
building structure, designate items of building work as specialty items.


Engineers Estimate Guidelines 4

Table B
Approved Specialty Items
ITEM CODE SPECIALTY ITEMS
120090 CONSTRUCTION AREA SIGNS
120100 TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
12---- TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES SUCH AS PORTABLE CHANGEABLE MESSAGE SIGN,
BARRICADE, CONES, ETC.
1531-- PLANE PAVEMENT
20---- EROSION CONTROL, PLANTING, IRRIGATION AND PLANT ESTABLISHMENT WORK
4201--THRU 4202-- GRIND AND GROOVE PAVEMENT
490340 THRU 499010 DRIVING PILES, CAST-IN-DRILLED-HOLE CONCRETE PILING AND SHEET PILING
500001 PRESTRESSING CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
5124--THRU 5125-- ERECT PRECAST MEMBERS
515059 THRU 515165 CORE CONCRETE
517950 THRU 518220 SOUND WALLS
519080 THRU 519119 JOINT SEALING
5201-- BAR REINFORCING STEEL
5301-- SHOTCRETE
5400--THRU 5401-- WATERPROOFING
5502-- ERECT STRUCTURAL STEEL
5601--THRU 5610-- INSTALL SIGN STRUCTURES, CAST-IN-DRILLED-HOLE CONCRETE PILE (SIGN FOUNDATION)
5900--THRU 5902-- CLEAN AND PAINT STEEL
60---- RAILROAD TRACK WORK
7110--THRU 719506 SANITARY SEWERS
7405--THRU 7415-- PUMPING PLANT RELATED WORK AND EQUIPMENT
7500--THRU 7505-- MISCELLANEOUS METALS
8000--THRU 8099-- FENCES
8320--THRU 8395-- RAILINGS AND BARRIERS (EXCEPT CONCRETE)
83959-THRU 8396-- CRASH CUSHIONS
8405--THRU 8407-- STRIPING AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS
8501--THRU 8502-- PAVEMENT MARKERS
8601--THRU 8690-- SIGNALS, LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
9901--THRU 9950-- BUILDINGS AND RELATED FACILITIES

If an item listed in Table B is a majority of the work, do not designate it as a specialty item.
Furnishing specialty type items, such as "furnish steel piling" or "furnish sign structure" are not to be designated as specialty items.
Items with the prefixes temporary, adjust, remodel, relocate, and reconstruct which are similar to the approved specialty items listed in Table B, should also be designated as specialty items. Examples are temporary traffic stripe and reconstruct metal beam guard railing.


FINAL PAY QUANTITIES
Final pay quantities are to be designated on Engineer's Estimate using (F) as appropriate for the item involved. Do not identify final pay items on the plans. Payment will be made for the total quantity shown on

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 5

The Engineer's Estimate unless the Engineer orders a change in the dimensions of the work. Do not round final pay items in the Engineer's Estimate. The contract items of work listed in Table C are generally designated final pay.

Table C
Items Generally Designated as Final Pay

ITEM CONSTRUCTION WORK
Minor Concrete (Minor Structure) Drainage Inlets and Pipe Headwalls
Miscellaneous Iron and Steel Frames and Grates
Class A Concrete (Structure) Box Culverts and Wingwalls
Bar Reinforcing Steel Box Culverts and Wingwalls
Furnish and Install Sign Structures (Tubular, Truss, Lightweight, etc.) Overhead Sign

Structures
Structure Excavation (Bridge) Bridges
Structure Backfill (Bridge) Bridges
Structural Concrete, Bridge Bridges
Structural Concrete, Bridge Footing Bridges
Structural Concrete, Approach Slabs Bridges
Sound Wall (Masonry Block) Walls, Bridges
Structural Concrete, Retaining Wall Retaining Walls

Bar Reinforcing Steel (Bridge) Bridges
Bar Reinforcing Steel (Retaining Wall) Retaining Walls

Miscellaneous Metal (Bridge) Bridges
Miscellaneous Metal (Restrainer) Bridges

Railings and Concrete Barrier on Structures Bridges
Pipe (Supply Line) Irrigation Systems
Independent verification of Final pay quantity calculations shall be provided.

SUPPLEMENTAL WORK
Supplemental Work is work which is anticipated and required for completion of the project but is of such an uncertain nature or amount that it cannot be done on a contract item basis.
Do not use Supplemental Work:
· to take the place of complete design work and quantity calculations. When work can be shown or specified such that it is biddable, it must be paid for by contract item.
· to reserve extra funds for contingencies by adding items or amounts in excess of what can be
reasonably anticipated.
· to perform work which should be funded from other sources.
· for contract funds to be paid to anyone other than the contractor such as railroad inspection work.
Include these funds under County-Furnished Materials and Expenses.

The Standard Specifications indicate that various portions of removal work (unsuitable material, slides, buried manmade objects, etc.) will be paid as extra work. Funds for this work should come from contingencies unless specific information is available to show that the amount of work is sufficient to justify a separate entry in Supplemental Work.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 6

Work mentioned in a general way in the contract special provisions should be funded from contingencies unless specific information is available to show that the amount is sufficient to justify a separate entry in Supplemental Work.
Itemize any extra work identified in the contract special provisions as Supplemental Work, except as discussed above.
Justification must be provided for Individual Supplemental Work items equal to or greater than the following dollar amounts or percent of the total amount of Contract Items, whichever is greater:
Projects less than $300,000 = $ 4,000 or 5%
Projects less than $1 million = $15,000 or 2.5%
Projects more than $1 million = $25,000 or 1%
If the Total Supplemental Work excluding items shown in Table D to be excluded is equal to or greater than the following dollar amounts or percent of the total amount of Contract Items, whichever is greater; justification must be provided:
Projects less than $300,000 = 10%
Projects less than $1 million = $ 30,000 or 5%
Projects between $1-5 million = $ 50,000 or 3%
Projects between $5-25 million = $ 150,000 or 2%
Projects more than $25 million = $ 500,000 or 1%

Base the justification for supplemental work on factual information, such as experience with similar work, conditions, and materials. When an anticipated quantity of work cannot be estimated within 25 percent, it is appropriate to establish a contract item with the quantity set at a level such that an underrun of more than 25 percent is unlikely.
Funds can then be included in Supplemental Work to cover overruns.
Table D is a partial listing of typical work for which it would generally be appropriate to include funds in Supplemental Work.

Table D
Items Appropriate for Supplemental Work

TYPE OF WORK CONDITIONS FOR USING SUPPLEMENTAL WORK
Additional Asphalt Concrete
Additional Imported Borrow
Increased Paving Asphalt
Only if the type of work is a large percentage of total, material source is not known, and material from different likely sources varies greatly in density.

Clean and Seal Random Cracks
Salvage and Stockpile Excess Screenings
Remove Unsuitable Material
Remove Slide
Subsurface Drainage
Remove Rock and Debris
If evidence indicates more than can be funded from contingencies.
Maintain Traffic
(include flagging costs)


Engineers Estimate Guidelines 7

Maintain Detour
Maintain Existing Plants
Maintain Water Supply
Maintain Existing Electrical System
Apply Pesticide
If need for extra work is related to the work being performed on the project in question.
Detour Signing If on local streets or roads.
Locate Existing Irrigation Facilities
Settlement Platform Installation
Compensation Adjustments for Price Index
Fluctuations of Paving Asphalt
For projects with 5 000 tonnes of asphalt concrete and 50 working days. Excluded from limits since calculated by formula. Federal Trainees If project is Federal Aid eligible, with at least 100 working days.

Repair Existing Irrigation System
Prune Existing Plants
Replace Existing Plant Material
Dispose of Removed Plant Material
Maintain Existing Plants
Maintain Existing Irrigation
Mowing
Correct Plant Deficiencies
Modify Irrigation System
Remove Rock and Debris
Additional Water
For restoration projects, Initial repair of existing irrigation facilities,
Initial removal of litter, Initial plant removal, or Damage repair.
Excluded from total Supplemental Work

Note: There is no exclusion on any individual Supplemental Work Item.

Additional Footing Work Earthquake Retrofit projects.
Clean Deck Joints Bridge maintenance projects.
Damage Investigation Bridge Repair projects.
Incentive for Asphalt Concrete QC/QA QC/QA Projects - Equal to 4% of estimate for asphalt concrete.
Excluded from limits.
Partnering Projects with estimated cost of $1,000,000 or more - Excluded from limits.
Table E provides a partial list of types of work for which it is normally inappropriate to include funds in Supplemental Work.

Table E
Items Not Appropriate for Supplemental Work

TYPE OF WORK REASON FOR NOT USING SUPPLEMENTAL WORK

Additional Roadwork
Additional Drainage Work
Additional Electrical Work
Improvement for Safety
Unforeseen. . . . . . . .
Possible. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . .
Too general. Entries for this type work may be appropriate if they are more specific.
Clean Out Existing Culverts
Repair Existing. . . . . . . .
Improper to perform maintenance work if funded from state or federal funds.
Railroad Work
Electrical Service
Resident Engineer's Office
Motorist Service Patrol
Traffic Management Plan
Include under County-furnished Material and Expense unless paid to or through Contractor.
Haul Material Should be included in contract item work.

COUNTY-FURNISHED MATERIALS AND EXPENSES
Items to be listed under this component consist of:
· work to be done by County forces or others concurrently with contract construction operations; or Engineers Estimate Guidelines 8
· materials to be purchased and charged against the project but to be paid for directly by the
County, not the contractor.
Item codes for this category of work must have a 0106 or 06 prefix (0106XX or 06XXXX). County-furnished materials and expenses are to be subtotaled and included as part of the total cost of the project.
Typical items of County Expense include payment to a utility company to provide water meters and electrical service or work to be done by a railroad or other agency under a service contract, or may be work performed by County personnel such as providing painted striping. Rental cost of the Resident Engineer's office may be included when the project cost exceeds $300,000 and the project time limit is 50 or more working days.

FHWA has approved the following materials as being in the public interest for Caltrans to furnish to the contractor as State-Furnished Materials on Federal Aid projects:
· Permanent sign panels and mounting hardware
· Types N, P, and R object marker panels and reflectors
· Laminated wood box posts and metal caps
· Survey Monument Disks
· Markers for railings and concrete barriers
· Traffic signal controller assemblies, including wired cabinets and loop detector units
· Closed circuit television cameras, changeable message signs and assemblies
· Lamps for traffic signal units, flashing beacons and sign illumination fixtures
· Asphalt concrete sealant for inductive detector loops
· Self-adhesive reflective numbers and sealer for numbering lighting equipment
· Recycled (salvaged) material in stock, such as temporary traffic signals and flashing beacons
· Seed and plants not commercially available, either by type or size, that must be grown or obtained for specific projects
The above list can therefor be considered for any County contracts. Obtain FHWA concurrence for any materials not listed above on a project-by-project basis during PS&E development.

CONTINGENCIES
The next-to-last entry of the Project Estimate of Cost is to allow for contingencies. Typically, the amount for contingencies will be a nominal 10 percent of the subtotal of the cost of contract items, supplemental work, and County-furnished materials and expenses. The contingency amount is included in the grand total of the final estimate to allow for unforeseen costs.

ESTIMATING ITEM PRICES
Estimating is not an exact science, and no estimator can be "right" all the time. However, estimators can prepare reasonable estimates of the cost of the work to be performed by the contractor. Estimates should never be artificially reduced to stay within the funding limits, nor should they be reduced to make available more project funding.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 9

Most overruns are due to conditions that existed at the time the estimate was initially prepared and should have been considered. Estimators should consider the following factors which experience has shown will affect the bid prices on construction projects.

FLUCTUATION OF COSTS

Review and update estimates just prior to project advertisement. Review and update unit prices and estimates as conditions change. Estimates must be current at the time the project is ready to list. Material shortages may develop at unexpected intervals, causing an increase in material prices. Wages continually increase, although usually at a somewhat predictable rate. The time of year a project is advertised or constructed often affects prices.

TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
Traffic conditions can have a significant affect on bid prices. Adjust prices to reflect special difficulties, dangers, and expenses caused by traffic. Contractors are inclined to raise their prices when they bid on projects with difficult traffic conditions. A separate bid item for traffic control is appropriate when a lot of work and expense is expected.

RESTRICTIVE WORK HOURS OR METHOD OF WORK

Restricting the working hours or the method of work on a project may have a major affect on prices. If the special provisions limit work to nighttime or short shifts, increase unit prices to reflect:
· the cost of premium wages for night work
· premium payment for partial shifts
· general decreases in productivity and efficiency.

Night work for asphalt concrete can be especially expensive where small quantities are involved because asphalt plants do not usually operate at night and may have to do special runs at a much higher operating cost per unit. On the other hand, night work can reduce bid prices for projects with a lot of daytime traffic, where traffic control costs may be reduced significantly by allowing night-time work.

SMALL QUANTITIES OF WORK

Small quantities of work will nearly always have higher unit cost than identical work in larger quantities.
Move-in cost, overhead, and so on must be distributed over a much smaller base. Production is usually inefficient and slow for small quantities, which will also increase unit costs.

SEPARATED OPERATIONS
Separated operations will generally have higher item costs. The order of work or scattered locations of work may require portions of a work unit to be constructed as separate operations, each requiring separate movein and move-out costs. The unit prices should then be based on the smaller operations, not on the total quantities for the project.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 10

HANDWORK AND INEFFICIENT OPERATIONS

Handwork and small or inefficient operations (even though equipment may be used) will have higher unit costs than work adaptable to mass production machine operation or high production rates.

ACCESSIBILITY

Work on an existing interchange may require long out-of-direction movements by construction personnel and equipment if the contractor must observe one-way ramp movements or enter or leave a freeway only at interchanges. Material hauling done under these conditions can be especially expensive. Work is expensive at the top of retaining walls, on slopes, or where workers must climb slopes to get to the work area, regardless of whether the operation is handwork or is done by equipment. This is because work, which is easy to do on level ground or a gentle slope, may be almost impossible to do on steep slopes.
Such a work situation will affect the contractor's bid.

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

Geographically remote locations usually result in higher bid prices. Estimates should reflect subsistence payments when required. The source of supplies and the distance to the project from these sources should also be considered.

CONSTRUCTION SEASON

The time of the year construction is scheduled may affect the bid prices. Contractors are usually more available for work early in the spring and will therefore bid competitively at that time. Later in the spring or summer, many of the contractors have on-going contracts to keep them busy and therefore tend to bid higher or not at all.
For projects to be awarded near the end of summer or the construction season, it is important to know if construction can be finished before the construction season ends. If a job cannot be finished before the end of the construction season, contractors will increase bid prices to cover overhead during winter suspension, to repair winter damage, and so on. Even if contractors reasonably expect to finish before winter, they may protect themselves by increasing bids to allow for damage due to early rains. This is especially true if construction involves work in or around drainage channels in high precipitation or snow areas.

MATERIAL SHORTAGES
Material shortages will have a major affect on bid prices since prices are directly affected by supply and demand. Where a shortage is especially acute, the District might consider a change in design rather than face increasing prices.

ESTIMATE PRICING METHODS

There are two methods commonly used for estimating prices. One method is to use previous bid prices as a basis for establishing prices on the proposed project. The other method is to make a complete analysis of production rates, labor costs, and material costs. These methods can be used individually or in combination.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 11

PREVIOUS BID PRICES METHOD
Basing estimates on previous bid prices is probably the most widely used and the most practical method.
When using this method, take into consideration these factors:
· Use of approximately the same size and type of project having similar quantities for individual items.
· Consider using the average of the 3 low bidders or using the second low bidder.
· At a minimum, revise previous bid prices by the projected change in the California Construction
Cost Index between the date of the old bid and the anticipated date of the new bid.
· Adjust the reference bid price to reflect conditions of the project, such as type of terrain,
geographical location, soil, traffic and other related factors.
· Do not use lump sum bid prices or unit prices for items of work (for example, culverts) that include varying amounts of other related work.
· Seasonal work items vary by the time of year. Use comparable months.

Sources of previous bid prices
The Specification Engineer maintains a cost history database for most common bid items used by the County. Engineers may obtain the cost history for a bid item by contacting the Specifications Engineer. It is anticipated that the Bid Item Cost History Database will be available over the County network at some time in the future. Until then, Engineers will need to contact the Specifications Engineer.
The Contracts and Utilities unit is also planning to produce a document that contains the bid prices for items awarded during the previous year. Engineers will also be able to obtain cost data from this document when it becomes available.

COMPLETE ANALYSIS METHOD
This method is not usually practical for all contract items of work. It may be used occasionally for earthwork items where rock or unusual haul is required, or for lump sum items such as signals and lighting.
When using this method, carry-out these initial steps:
· Analyze the proposed construction.
· Estimate production rates.
· Compile a materials list.
Then:
· find materials costs using available price lists,
· determine labor and equipment hours based on the production rates,
· calculate sub-total using the above factors and finally,
· add overhead and profit for the total cost.
It is especially important to consider possible premium pay for overtime on night work and subsistence. On larger projects with long time limits, it will be necessary to determine if the majority of a work item will be done early or late in the project. To provide for work which cannot be done early in the project, it may be necessary to forecast wage scales and material cost increases in order to accurately estimate contract item costs.

GUIDELINES FOR ROUNDING QUANTITIES

A PS&E contains two kinds of quantities:
Engineers Estimate Guidelines 12
· Actual calculated quantities are shown on the plans to help the contractor and the Engineer
complete the project.
· Estimated quantities are included in the Engineer's Estimate, the Bid Schedule and the Contract
book to simplify bidding and avoid errors in extensions.
With the exception of final pay items, quantities must be rounded. In addition to simplifying bidding, rounding keeps the estimate from seeming more accurate than it can actually be. Measurements and calculations cannot always produce absolutely accurate individual quantities. The total quantity, in turn, cannot be more accurate than the least-accurate individual quantity.
Total quantities are to be rounded by adjusting the calculated quantities, usually upward. Round on total or end quantities only, never on partial quantities or subtotals. Quantities on Plans should be actual calculated quantities, never rounded quantities.
Quantities greater than 1,000 are to be rounded to no more than 3 significant figures. The significant figures are those figures of a number that begin with the leftmost figure and extend to the last figure to right that is not zero. For example, 5,050 and 1,620,000 have 3 significant figures.

Quantities less than 1,000 are to be rounded to no more than 2 significant figures.
Avoid decimal quantities. However, it is not always possible to eliminate the decimal for small quantities.

For example, a total quantity such as 1.4 m3 (Cubic Meter) of Minor Concrete (Minor Structure), cannot be rounded up to 2 m3 or down to 1 m3 without having an estimated quantity more than 25 percent off the calculated quantity. Therefore, decimal quantities of less than 5 must be rounded to one decimal place.
Volumetric or weight quantities of 5 or greater are to be rounded to the nearest whole number.
Sometimes it is possible to avoid the use of decimal quantities by changing the unit of measure.

For example, use 500 kg of commercial fertilizer instead of 0.5 tonne.
Rounding must not produce a condition where the estimated quantity will be beyond the 25 percent limit for overruns or underruns specified in Section 4 of the Standard Specifications.
Final pay quantities entered in the Engineer's Estimate are not to be rounded, except to eliminate any decimal figures for total pay quantities of more than 5 units (cubic meters, meters, etc.). When the total final pay quantities contain decimal figures and they are 5 units or less, the quantity shall be rounded to not more than one decimal place when entered in the Engineer's Estimate.

SEGREGATED ESTIMATES FEDERAL-AID PROJECTS

Segregated estimates are required when Federal-Aid projects involve any of the following:
· Highway work -- Segregate each item quantity according to Federal Fund type using the appropriate reimbursement ratio. Current reimbursement ratios and applications can be obtained from the Budget Program, Office of Federal Resources, or the FHWA Transportation Engineer.
· Structures -- Separate each structures by component level. Funding segregations used in highway work are not applicable to structures estimates because FHWA requires costs to be identified by individual structure.
· Non-participation items of work.
· Non-participation portions of the project.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 13

· Work paid for by others (for example, cities, Caltrans, or local transportation agencies contributing to construction costs under cooperative agreements).
· Utility relocation when done by contract item work (by Right of Way, Utility, or Railroad Agreement).
· Work which is not a part of the project (work that is being done on the same County contract but outside of the Federal Aid project limits).
If a Cooperative Agreement or Utility Agreement requires anyone other than the County to pay for any of the contract items, Supplemental Work, or County-furnished Materials and Expenses, then those items are to be segregated as nonparticipating work.
The information needed to prepare Federal segregated estimates is generally available to the Project Engineer before the PS&E is complete. All funding sources and levels should be determined prior to PS&E submittal.

OTHER AGENCIES INVOLVED

Where other sources are contributing funds toward construction through a cooperative agreement, utility agreement, right of way contract, purchase order, or other instrument, a segregated estimate may be required which identifies each contributing agency.
English / Metric Conversion

The following table is provided to assist engineers with the conversion from english to metric or from metric to english. Use of these standard conversion factors will provide consistent results by all engineers.

Engineers Estimate Guidelines 14

Conversion Factors From English Units to Metric Units
Unit Abbr. Multiply: Unit Abbr.
Acre ACRE 0.4046856 Hectare HA
Calendar Day CDAY 1.0 Calendar Day CDAY
Cubic Foot CF 0.02831685 Cubic Meter M3
Cubic Yard CY 0.7645549 Cubic Meter M3
Each EA 1.0 Each EA
Gallon GAL 3.785412 Liter L
Hour HR 1.0 Hour H
Pound LB 0.4535924 Kilogram KG
Linear Foot LF 0.3048 Meter M
Lane Mile LNMI 1.609344 Lane Kilometer LNKM
Lump Sum LS 1.0 Lump Sum LS
Thousand Foot Board Measure MFBM 2.359737 Cubic Meter M3
Mile MI 1.609344 Kilometer KM
Square Foot SQFT 0.09290304 Square Meter M2
Square Yard SQYD 0.8361274 Square Meter M2
Station (100 ft) STA 0.3048 Station (100 m) STA
Tablet TAB 1.0 Tablet TAB
Ton TON 0.9071847 Tonne (1000 kg) TONN
Track Foot TF 1.0 Track Foot TF
Working Day WDAY 1.0 Working Day WDAY
Conversion Factors From Metric Units to English Units
Unit Abbr. Multiply: Unit Abbr.
Hectare HA 2.471054 Acre ACRE
Calendar Day CDAY 1.0 Calendar Day CDAY
Cubic Meter M3 35.31467 Cubic Foot CF
Cubic Meter M3 1.307951 Cubic Yard CY
Each EA 1.0 Each EA
Liter L 0.264172 Gallon GAL
Hour H 1.0 Hour HR
Kilogram KG 2.204623 Pound LB
Meter M 3.28084 Linear Foot LF
Lane Kilometer LNKM 0.6213712 Lane Mile LNMI
Lump Sum LS 1.0 Lump Sum LS
Cubic Meter M3 0.423776 Thousand Foot Board Measure MFBM
Kilometer KM 0.6213712 Mile MI
Square Meter M2 10.76391 Square Foot SQFT
Square Meter M2 1.19599 Square Yard SQYD
Station (100 m) STA 3.28084 Station (100 ft) STA
Tablet TAB 1.0 Tablet TAB
Tonne (1000 kg) TONN 1.102312 Ton TON
Track Foot TF 1.0 Track Foot TF
Working Day WDAY 1.0 Working Day WDAY
..Gen Una Sumus...